“治沟”还是“治坡”——20世纪50年代中期关于水土保持的争论述评

"Harness Ditch" or "Harness Slope" ——Review on the Debate of Water and Soil Conservation in the mid-1950s

水土保持是治理江河的根本和发展山区生产的生命线。新中国成立时,我国的水土流失状况已十分严重,水土保持工作遂得到了党和政府的高度关注。20世纪50年代中期,对于造成水土流失的根源、水土保持工作的方针及具体措施等一系列问题,在治河工作者与地方工作者中曾进行过一场激烈的争论。经过水土保持工作实践的验证,双方对一些焦点问题的认识最终达成一致。争论达成的共识对于中国水土保持工作方针的最终确定起到了至关重要的作用,也为后来水土保持工作的开展奠定了理论基础。

Soil and water conservation is the basic of harnessing rivers and the lifeline of developing mountain production.Since the founding of new China,the situation of soil erosion had been very serious,water and soil conservation work received high attentions from the Party and the government.In the middle of 1950 s,workers of harnessing rivers and local workers had hot debates on the origin of soil erosion,the policies of water and soil conservation and its concrete measures and other series of problems.By verifying the practice of water and soil conservation work,both sides have reached a consistent understanding to some focus problems eventually.The consensus by debates not only played a crucial role for the final decision of China's water and soil conservation work policy,but also laid a theoretical foundation on the following water and soil conservation work.