湖南省流行性乙型脑炎流行特征及蚊媒监测结果分析

Analysis of Japanese encephalitis epidemiology and comprehensive monitoring results in Hunan province

目的分析湖南省流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）流行病学特征、动态变化趋势及综合监测结果,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析湖南省1951-2013年乙脑流行病学特征;用SPSS 13.0软件统计分析乙脑监测点媒介蚊虫和宿主动物的监测资料;用ELISA法检测宿主血清乙脑Ig G抗体。结果 1951-2013年湖南省乙脑疫情经历上升期、流行期、稳定期、逐步下降期和低水平期,目前发病率维持在低水平状态;发病时间主要集中在6-8月,呈现以低年龄组为主的发病模式,0~14岁年龄组病例占98.11%,病例主要分布在湖南省的西部和南部,在监测病例中,无免疫史和免疫史不详的占66.89%;监测点三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种,湖南省三带喙库蚊密度季节消长与乙脑疫情呈正相关关系,与宿主动物（猪）乙脑病毒感染率呈正相关关系,猪乙脑抗体50.00%阳转率出现时间比人群发病高峰提前1个月。结论高乙脑疫苗接种率,加强乙脑病例、宿主动物和媒介蚊虫的监测,大力开展爱国卫生运动,消灭蚊虫孳生环境是控制湖南省乙脑疫情的关键。

Objective To provide the basis for development of the prevention and control strategies by analysis of Japanese encephalitis（JE） epidemiological characteristics, dynamic change trend and comprehensive monitoring results in Hunanprovince.Methods Using descriptive epidemiological method, analysis the epidemiological characteristics of JE of Hunanprovince from 1951 to 2013; Analysis of the monitoring data of mosquito vectors and host animal in JE surveillance point byusing SPSS 13 statistical software; ELISA assay was conducted for detection of serum JE Ig G antibody in the host animals.Results From 1951 to 2013 in Hunan province, the epidemic of JE experienced rising, epidemic, stable, declining andlow level periods, the incidence rate maintained at a low level; The onset time mainly concentrated in June to August. The incidence concentrated in the young age group, 0 to 14 year old age group accounted for 98.11% of cases. The casesmainly distributed in the western and southern of Hunan province. In the monitoring of cases, ones with no / unknown history of immunity accounted for 66.89%. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the predominant species, its density and reservoirhost（pig） infection and epidemic of JE were positively related. The antibody conversion rate reached 50.00% in pigs onemonth earlier before the onset peak in humans.ConclusionThe JE epidemic in Hunan province may be controlled by improving JE vaccination coverage, strengthening the monitoring of vectors and host animals, and eliminate mosquitoes breeding habitats.