我国沿海地区医学媒介生物及其所致传染病分布状况

The distribution of the medical vectors distribution and its spreading infectious diseases in the coastal areas of China

沿海开发涉及港口、产业、城镇互动发展,在沿海开发过程中尤其要关注生态环境对人类健康的影响,而生态环境中对人类健康有直接影响的包括医学昆虫、啮齿类动物等医学媒介生物,这些医学媒介生物直接或间接地传播各种疾病。沿海地区广泛存在着各种医学媒介生物,其中,啮齿类动物及其体表寄生的螨、蜱等医学昆虫可传播肾综合征出血热、恙虫病、莱姆病、人粒细胞无形体病、新型布尼亚病毒引起的发热伴血小板减少综合征等,蚊虫可传播流行性乙型脑炎、登革热、疟疾、基孔肯雅热等,蝇和蜚蠊可机械传播肠道传染病等。

Coastal development involves the development of ports, industry and urban interaction. In the coastal development process, the impact of disease vectors on human health was especially concerned. The vectors of public health importance including insects and rodents could spread directly or indirectly some infectious diseases. There were many kinds of medical vectors in the coastal areas. The rodents and their ectoparasitic mites, ticks could spread hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome（HFRS）, scrub typhus, Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis（HGA）, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome（SFTS）. The mosquitoes could spread Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, malaria,chikungunya fever. The fly and cockroach mechanical spread intestinal infections, etc. In order to ensure and promote the economic development of the coastal regions and social stability,it should continue to carry out research on the impact of disease vectors prevailing in coastal areas on public health.