中国大城市流动人口幸福感研究——以上海为例

Study on Migrants' Subjective Wellbeing in Large Cities in China : A Case Study of Shanghai

随着中国发展进入"新常态"阶段,提升"人口城镇化"质量成为中国新型城镇化建设的重要议题,居民幸福感将成为评价城镇化质量的重要依据之一。基于上海大规模问卷调查数据,对中国大城市流动人口幸福感进行研究,采用Logistic回归分析从个人因素、家庭因素、城市社区因素、农村因素、制度因素等维度对其影响机制进行了探究。研究发现,58.4%的流动人口幸福感较低,80.0%的流动人口表示打算长期居住,形成"幸福感低但居住意愿高"的独特现象。第二,家庭因素、社区因素与制度因素对流动人口的幸福感影响最为明显,其中,流动人口主动融入所在社区的程度、社区对流动人口的接纳程度、居住形式、住房性质、是否持有暂住证、是否拥有城市养老保险、家庭收入等是其中最为显著的影响因素。基于此,建议大城市加强流动人口社区建设,进一步放宽流动人口入户制度,将长期居住于城市的流动人口家庭纳入城市保障体系,并进一步缩小城乡发展差距,培育农村经济,增加农村家庭收入与发展机会,推动流动人口在"回流"农村或继续定居城市之间作出更有利于其家庭发展的选择。

After entering new normal stage of development, improving the quality of ＂population urbanization＂ becomes one of the main missions of China＇s urbanization. In 2014, China central government published the ＂new urbanization planning＂ which emphasized on the human-oriented urbanization, meaning that the residents＇ happiness became one of the main evaluation criterions of urbanization. To study the happiness of floating people in big cities of China, the data from Large-scale questionnaire survey in Shanghai is used in this research while Logistic regression method is employed to analyze the influencing mechanism of migrants＇ happiness from four perspectives, individual, household, urban community, rural and institutional. As is shown in the research, 58.4% of the floating population is at a low level of happiness while 80.0% of them have strong will of living for a long time, which is a notable paradox. Moreover, household factors, urban community factors and institution factors are found to be the main influencing factors of the floating population＇s happiness, specifically, the level of the integration of migrants and community acceptance, dwelling form, housing property, whether to hold a temporary residence permit or have endowment insurance, as well as the household income. Based on the analysis, we put forward that the management of census register for floating population should be broadened and a social seeurity system covering the floating population should be built in the big cities in China. Furthermore, it is also necessary to reduce the disparities between urban and rural areas, thus contributing to more rational decisions benefit for the development of family of floating population.