现代美国旧金山社会区研究--基于2006-2010年美国社区调查数据

Modern USA Social Areas of San Francisco: Based on 2006-2010 American Community Survey

以2006-2010年美国社区调查数据为基础,利用城市社会生态因子分析与聚类分析方法,研究现代美国旧金山市城市社会空间结构。研究表明:1影响2006-2010年旧金山城市社会区形成的主因子有社会经济地位与亚裔、家庭结构、通勤方式、拉丁裔人口、职业构成、黑人人口;2 2006-2010年旧金山城市社会区划分为7个主要类型:黑人聚居多民族混居低收入家庭型社会区、拉丁裔聚居多民族混居中低收入家庭型社会区、白人中高收入家庭型社会区、亚裔低收入社区型社会区、亚裔为主多民族混居中收入家庭型社会区、白人为主多民族混居普通工薪事业型社会区、白人高收入事业型社会区;3解析现代旧金山与美国经典社会区空间结构模型的异同点,社会经济状况、家庭生命周期以及种族仍是现代旧金山三个最重要的社会空间分异维度,但多民族混合区比例越来越大,多因素导致的性别差异社会区显现,地形地貌、景观环境、居住质量、交通便利度、社会病发生率等多因素对社会区空间格局影响力增强;4辨析中美社会区产生的机制差异。

Taking San Francisco city as example, the space structure of modern American social areas was investigated by using the cluster analysis and city social ecological factors methods, based on the data of 2006-2010 American community survey. Research shows that： （1） The main factors affecting the urban social area of San Francisco in 2006-2010 are socioeconomic status, family structure, commuting, occupation, and the population of Asian, the Latino, the black; （2） There are 7 major types of San Francisco City District social areas in 2006-2010, which are the predominantly African-American and multiethnic low-income families social area type, the predominantly Hispanic and multiethnic low-income families social area type, the high income white families social area type, the low-income Asian community social area type, the predominantly Asian and multiethnic middle class families social areas type, the predominantly white and multiethnic average wage career social area type, white high-income business social area type; （3） Analyzed similarities and differences between modern San Francisco and America classic space structure of social area models; （4） Presented the social areas mechanism between China and America.