露天煤矿生态复垦地刺槐+油松混交林样地:物种组成及空间格局变化研究

Study on Species Composition and Spatial Pattern Changes of Robinia Pseudoacacia+Pinus Tabuliformis Mixed Forest plot in Opencast Coal Mine Reclamation Area

为了更深入的了解复垦地不同植物配置模式的群落学特征,更好的进行复垦地不同植物配置模式物种多样性监测,采用CTFS(Centre for Tropical Forest Science)样地建立标准,于2010年在安太堡露天矿区排土场复垦地建立了刺槐+油松混交林配置模式的固定监测样地。通过对野外调查资料的初步分析以及与复垦初期种植模式对比研究得出:复垦17年后,样地内除刺槐和油松外,还有入侵定居种榆树,共10073个活个体,样地内整体存活情况较好,枯死个体仅占样地内个体总数的0.7%。复垦17年后样地优势种为刺槐,从胸高断面积和重要值方面均表现出明显的优势度。样地内所有个体径级呈明显倒"J"型分布,总体更新状况较好;各树种的径级结构呈峰型或"L"型。在树种的空间分布格局上,初期种植刺槐和油松均呈明显均匀分布,复垦17年后刺槐、油松和榆树的空间分布与种子性质和生境密切相关,且由于初期植被根系覆盖率低,地形土壤条件较不稳定,自然滑动及雨水冲刷造成了复垦17年后刺槐和油松个体发生了一定的位移。

In order to gain insights into the community characteristics of different configuration models and carry out species diversity monitoring in reclaimed land, a 0. 8hm^2 permanent plot （Robinia pseudoacacia x Pinus tabuliformis） was established in Antaibao opencast coal mine dump in 2010, following the standard census procedure of the Centre for Tropical Forest Science （CTFS）. The main results were as follows： Through 17a vegetation restoration, there were 10073 survival individuals in the plot, among which Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis were the species planted in the initial reclamation, while Ulmus pumila was the invasion plant. There were 68 dead standing trees in the plot, which accounted for 00. 7% of the total number of species. The statistics of breast - height basal area and the important value showed that Robinia pseudoacacia was obviously dominant species 17a vegetation restoration. The size - class distribution of all individuals showed an invert J - shape, which indicated that the community regenerated well. Based on their size - class frequencies, the size - class distribution of the species showed the unimodal shape or L - shape. The analysis of spacial pattern showed that Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis planted in the initial reclamation showed uniform distribution, while showed random distribution through 17a vegetation restoration. The spacial pattern of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis occurred displacement because of the low of early roots of vegetation coverage, unstable of topography and soil conditions, sliding and rain caused the reclamation acacia.