典型船舶板架拓扑与形状优化设计

Typical shape and topology optimization design of the ship grillage structure

以典型板架结构(船底板架和上层建筑板架)为研究对象,探讨结构拓扑与形状优化设计方法在船舶设计中的应用。对船底板架结构进行形状和尺寸优化(优化目标是指定应力约束条件下结构重量最小),优化后的结构重量减少了15.82%。为改善舱室顶部空间布局,提高舱室顶部板架结构的固有频率,对上层建筑板架进行拓扑优化,寻求材料最优分布,并在对其进行静力分析和模态分析的基础上,以体积百分比为约束条件,以板架固有频率为目标函数,得到拓扑优化后的结构型式,新结构型式使材料分布更加合理,有利于舱室顶部管道和电缆等的铺设。研究表明,在目前的板架结构设计中,可广泛应用结构拓扑与形状优化设计技术。

Taking the typical ship grillage structure as the study object, this paper mainly describes the application of optimized design of ship structures. Specifically, the size and shape optimization is applied onto the grillage structure at the bottom, with the weight of the structure being objective and the stress being the constraint condition. After optimization, the weight has decreased by 15.82%. As for deck grillage, to improve the spatial layout of the top of superstructure cabins, raise the natural frequency of grillage structure on top, and seek for the optimal distribution of materials, the topology optimization is applied with its static analysis and modal analysis being discussed. Based on the above obtained data, the volume fraction is set as the restriction condition of the model, and the structural natural frequency is set as the objective function. Finally, new structure type which optimizes the spatial layout of the top of superstructure cabins are presented, which renders more reasonable material distribution, increases grillage structure＇s natural frequency, and meets expected goals. Research shows that, at present, the grillage structure design can be widely used in the topology and shape optimization design technology.