国家治理及其宪法资源

The National Governance and Its Constitutional Resources

宪法是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要资源。自近现代以来,西方国家在运用宪法实现国家治理的实践中,既有成功的经验,也有深刻的教训。在当代中国,国家治理体系的完善和治理能力的提升应当关注两大核心要素:一是完善国家治理的制度体系;二是完善国家治理的组织结构。就国家治理的制度体系来看,宪法规定的基本政治制度、基本经济制度、基本文化制度、基本生态制度,构成了国家治理的制度体系。就国家治理的组织结构来看,宪法已经为国家治理搭建了二元化的组织结构:国家公民与国家机构。针对国家公民,宪法建构了以权利义务为核心的治理机制;针对国家机构,宪法建构了以权力责任为核心的治理机制;宪法规定的税收和选举则充当了国家公民与国家机构之间的沟通机制。而且,完善国家治理体系、提升国家治理能力还必须坚持一个基本前提,那就是坚持执政党对国家治理的领导。应当创造性地挖掘当代中国的成文宪法与宪法惯例,为执政党对国家治理的领导奠定更加坚实的宪法基础,这既有助于改善国家治理,也有助于促进中国宪法的发展。应当立足于中国改革的整体背景,以创新的精神厘清国家治理与宪法之间的互动关系。

The constitution is important resource of national governance. Since in the modern times, the western countries had both successful experience and the profound lesson in the national governance from constitution implementation, In the contemporary China, state governance system and management ability promotion should focus on two key elements ： one is to improve the institutional system of national governance, the anther is to improve the organizational structure of the country governance. On the view of institutional system of national governance, the basic economic system, political system, cultural system, and ecological system from constitution form the institutional system of country governance. On the view of organizational structure of state governance, the constitution has established the organizational structure： national citizens and national institutions. Governance mechanism aim at the national citizens is the rights and obligations; aim at the national institutions is power and responsibility. The tax and the election from constitution is a communication mechanism between the citizens and institutions.