论法院适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的路径——与冲突法规则之间的关系

The Path toward CISG Application in Courts of Law:Relationship with Rules of Conflict Law

《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的适用交织了与冲突法规则相斥相伴的关系,这正是长期困扰我国审判实践的症结问题。法院适用公约时,应遵循"三步骤法",首先,在法律适用的岔路口上,认识到公约相对于冲突法规则具有优先适用性;其次,根据公约"适用范围"诸项条件确定其优先适用性能否实现,其中,公约未被当事人排除这一夹杂了冲突法元素的条件当排在末尾审查;最后,在公约优先适用不能实现的情况下,应折返于冲突法规则;而即使公约得以适用,冲突法规则仍可能作为辅助。我国现行关于公约在国内适用的立法依据日显窘迫,亟待宪法性规定做出回应。

The complicated and commutative interaction between CISG and rules of conflict law makes it the crux when the courts decide the applicable law. A ＂three -step procedure＂ would be followed thereby. Firstly, CISG bears the preferential applicability to rules of conflict law at the fork where the way of choosing law is divided. Secondly, the practical application of CISG has to be proved according to the provisions under Sphere of Application, where the criterion of autonomy of parties is placed at the tail end. Lastly, rules of conflict law are resorted to when CISG does not suffice its application, and they may also be applied even in the process of application of CISG. The deficiency under current legal framework of the basis for CISG application should be redressed by constitutional provisions.