美国城市雨洪管理水文控制指标体系及其借鉴意义

Hydrologic control criteria framework in the United States and its referential significance to China

我国在海绵城市建设试点阶段,亟待探讨如何构建适宜的水文控制指标体系。在近半个世纪的城市雨洪管理实践中,美国整合出一套水文控制指标体系,包括维持河湖湿地基流与地下水补给的入渗控制指标,减少雨洪面源污染的水质控制指标,防止河道侵蚀的水土侵蚀控制指标,以及避免小量级洪涝和减轻极端洪涝灾害的洪水控制指标。在调研美国城市雨洪管理沿革的基础上,对我国目前开展的海绵城市试点工作中的径流控制指标进行了对比研究;包括指标确定方法比较,指标划分与实施比较,以及指标的涵盖范围与效益分析。在此基础上,提出了我国海绵城市试点建设中确定水文控制指标所亟待开展的工作,包括基础科研领先,数据与成果共享,加强区域及部门间合作以及推行多指标水文控制体系的理念与实践。本文为海绵城市建设中合理确定适合各地具体条件的水文控制指标体系提供研究思路与参考。

Hydrologic control criteria framework is important for building sponge cities. This research investi-gated evolution of urban storm water management practices in the US,and the present trends in developinghydrologic control criteria framework for urban stormwater management. Consequently,a general concept ofhydrologic control criteria framework is proposed;including volume-based control which emphasizes on main-taining infiltration,controlling water quality and avoiding river channel erosion;and peak discharge-basedcontrol which targets on flood reduction. Furthermore,the present statue of hydrologic control criteria devel-opment in China was surveyed. Based on the results,this study recommends that in order to formulate ap-propriate hydrologic control criteria framework, more research should be conducted, database should bebuilt at local level and data sharing should be achieved. Moreover,inter-agency coordination should be en-forced. This study provides reference value to China＇s ongoing Sponge City construction.