“来+VP+来”结构与“来”的性质

Remarks on “lai VP lai” and the Property of “lai” in Mandarin Chinese

"来1+VP+来2"结构中的VP以动宾结构为主。"来1+VP+来2"是一个述补结构,"来1"为主要动词,带目的补语VP,"来2"作V’的附接语。"来1+VP+来2"是一个套合结构,上层VP1[来1]为主事件(位移事件或具有抽象的位移性),下层VP为从属事件(目的事件)。此外,"来1"最初具有[+位移]的语义特征,"来+VP"结构赋予"来1"目的义,使得"来1"逐渐失去表示具体物理位移的实义,开始虚化。另一方面,"来2"代替"来1"行使位移职能,形成"来+VP+来"结构。同时,由于"来2"是附接语,其地位受到V的抑制,也开始了语法化。不过,"来2"仍然保留[+位移]的语义特征,并没有语法化为目的标记或体标记,这可能与VP中的动词的语义特征有关。

The paper mainly focuses on ＂lai1（来） VP lai2＂ pattern in Mandarin Chinese. Several basic types of VP are described, most of which are VO construction. It is argued in this paper that ＂lai1 VP lai2＂ is a verb-complement structure（VC）. In this structure, ＂lai 1＂ is the main verb with a purpose clause as its complement; in this clause, ＂lai2＂ is the adjunct of VP. Based on this analysis, ＂lai VP lai＂ is a multi-layer structure, the higher layer VP1[lai1] as the main event（motion event or abstract property of motion）, the lower layer VP which contains ＂lai2＂ as the dependent event（purpose）. ＂lai1＂ originally has the semantic feature [＋motion]. However, having a purpose meaning by the structure ＂lai VP＂, ＂lai1＂ gets farther and farther away from the specific meaning of motion and starts the progress of grammaticalization. At this point, ＂lai2＂ emerges to assume function of motion in place of ＂lai1＂, and finally the structure ＂lai VP lai＂ comes out. Being an adjunct, ＂lai2＂ has been restrained by V and therefore begins to grammaticalize. Nevertheless, ＂lai2＂ still holds the semantic feature [＋motion] and doesn’t turn into a purpose marker or aspect marker. This may be correlated with the semantic feature of the verb in VP.