脱氧核酶-纳米材料复合物用于生物传感研究进展

Recent Progress of DNAzyme-Nanomaterial Based Biosensors

脱氧核酶(DNAzyme或DNA酶)是一类具有高效催化活性和特异性识别功能的DNA分子,可以通过体外筛选方式从随机脱氧核苷酸单链库中获得,它具有催化效率高、特异性高、稳定性好、合成简单且修饰方便等优点。脱氧核酶与纳米材料的结合,既保留了脱氧核酶的催化特性和识别能力,又引入了纳米材料的信号转导功能,实现了识别与信号转导功能的一体化,大大促进了生物传感器的快速发展。本文主要介绍了金纳米颗粒、石墨烯、量子点、磁性纳米颗粒等纳米材料结合脱氧核酶用于生物传感的研究进展。

DNAzymes, screened through in vitro selection, were artificial nucleic acids with catalytic function. They could cleave specific substrates in the presence of cofactors with unique characteristics,such as high catalytic activity,high specificity for cofactors,excellent stability,and easy to synthesize and modify. The combination of DNAzymes with nanomaterials could retain the DNAzyme activity and realize the functional integration of recognition and signal transduction,promoting rapid development of biosensors. In the current paper,we mainly reviewed the recent progress in DNAzyme-nanomaterial based biosensors, and the nanomaterials included gold nanoparticles,graphene,quantum dots,magnetic nanomaterials,and so on.