分子印迹冰胶聚合物研究进展

Research Progress of Molecular Imprinting Cryogel

冰胶是在低于体系凝固点以下,通过聚合或交联反应制备的疏松的、大孔状的凝胶,其在分析化学领域的应用,主要是将分子印迹技术的构效预知性、特异识别性与冰胶的多孔结构和高通量结合,构成"分子印迹冰胶法";分子印迹冰胶法在蛋白质分离纯化方面,对于保持蛋白质的生物活性,有独特的优势。冰胶通常制备成颗粒包埋型分子印迹冰胶填充柱或整体柱,也可制备成分子印迹选择性分离膜;所选的模板成分可以是无机离子、小分子或大分子,也可以是大分子上的某些片段;既可以是单分子(片段、离子),也可以是多种分子(片段、离子)的混和物,即混和模板法;既可以直接是目标物本身,还可以是目标物质的结构类似物、同位素标记物及目标物质的片段,即虚拟模板法;甚至还可直接以复杂样品中的高丰度组分作为模板制备分子印迹冰胶,使高丰度组分被选择性吸附,从而使低丰度成分的信号增强,即待定模板法。

Cryogel is a kind of elastic,spongy hydrogel prepared via addition polymerization from monomers or cross-linking reaction from a polymer at a temperature lower than the freezing point of the solvent. Cryogel has been principally used in molecular imprinting cryogel based solid phase extraction in the field of analytical chemistry,which combines both the advantages of high selectivity of the molecular imprinting and the porous structure,high throughput of a cryogel. Molecular imprinting cryogel can be used as the stationary phase in a packed column,a monolith column,or the adsorbent in a separation membrane. A variety of molecules can act as template molecules,including small molecules,macromolecules,a certain fragment of a macromolecule,and even an inorganic ion. Both a simple template and a complex template can be used. When employing more than a molecule（ or an ion） as templates simultaneously,the method is termed as Mixed template. While high abundance components of a complex sample act directly as mixed template,we name the method as Pending template. Further,while an analogue,an isotopic label,or a fragment of the target substance acts as a template,the method is defined as Dummy template. However,the research on cryogel is insufficient and the application of the cryogel is narrow hitherto.