长江三角洲地区服务外包产业空间格局演变

Spatial Pattern and Evolution of the Service Outsourcing Industry in the Yangtze River Delta

基于国家相关政策对服务外包产业的定义及分类,采用核心密度估计等空间分析方法,结合实地调研,探讨了长三角地区近年服务外包产业的发展格局和演化历程。结果发现:1长三角地区的服务外包产业的总体格局为以上海为龙头,沿"宁—沪—杭—甬"一线发展。2不同类型的服务外包产业空间布局特征并不一致,总结为示范型、均衡型和特色型三类。3从演化过程看,2000年以前,外包企业主要集聚在上海;2005年前后,示范城市开始成为集聚中心;如今,非示范城市的外包产业亦发展迅速。4长三角地区服务外包技术水平不断提升,2005年以前,ITO占比高达60%以上,近年来,ITO比例有所下降,BPO和KPO的占比显著上升,现已接近50%,表明长三角地区服务外包正逐步向中高端方向发展。此外,长三角内部服务外包初步形成了一定地域分工,示范城市内高端知识密集型服务外包比例不断上升,非示范城市目前仍以较低端的ITO为主。

Defined as a work arrangement made by an employer who engages an outside contractor to execute work that could be done by company personnel, outsourcing is surging in popularity across a wide range of production activities and sectors since the 1990s, and has attracted increasing research interest in pursuing rigorous theories for outsourcing. However, there is little quantitative evidence that specifically describes outsourcing from the perspective of suppliers in developing countries. Therefore, this paper based on the specific definition of the scope of serviceoutsourcing by state, using service outsourcing enterprises data, statistics data and the company field research data, analyzed the pattern and evolution of the service outsourcing industry in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that, the overall spatial pattern of service outsourcing industry in the Yangtze River Delta appeared that Shanghai as the leading city, mainly along the ＂Nanjing- Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo＂ line. Moreover, the distribution features of different types of industries are not the same. This paper summarized three kinds of demonstration type, balanced type and specialty type. The evolution analysis shows that the service outsourcing industry in the Yangtze River Delta is gradually towards high-end development, not only reflected in the increase of number of outsourcing enterprises and the expansion of outsourcing field, but also the technical content and level of service outsourcing in recent years.