战国秦汉时期的北方长城对游牧民族的影响

The Impacts of Great Wall in the North upon Nomads in Warring States Period

对于长城,学者们多站在农耕民族和中原王朝的角度加以认识和评价。实际上,长城的修筑,不仅影响了农耕民族,而且对北方游牧民族也产生了巨大的影响。长城的建造,促进了北方民族专化游牧生产方式的形成与扩大,加速了草原游牧帝国的形成,同时也减弱了北方游牧民族对抗自然灾害的能力,化解了北方游牧民族的军事优势。从总体上看,在农耕民族与游牧民族的对抗与斗争中,长城起到了限制和弱化北方游牧民族实力的作用。

Scholars normally evaluate the significance of the Great Wall from the perspectives of farming nations and dynasties in central China. In fact, the construction of the Great Wall not only influenced the farming nations, but also exerted great impacts upon nomads in the north. The building of the Great Wall not only promoted the formation and expansion of northern nations＇ specialized way of nomadic production and accelerated the formation of nomadic empire,but also weakened the northern nomads＇ ability to resist natural disasters and dissolved the military superiority of northern nomads. In general, during the confrontations between the farming nations and the nomadic nations, the Great Wall limited and weakened the strength of northern nomadic nations.