项羽为何放走刘邦——鸿门宴中项羽的决策行为分析

Why Xiang Yu Let Liu Bang Go: An Analysis of Xiang Yu's Decision at the Hongmen Banquet

项羽为何会失败,刘邦为何获胜?学者们多归为用人、性格和阶级意识的差异,忽略了对政治抱负的考察。刘邦尽管有作天子之志,但在鸿门宴中处处示弱,竭力让项羽相信自己的理想只是一方诸侯。项羽的抱负是回到春秋时代,做诸侯中的霸王,由此决定了他与刘邦不是零和的博弈,只要刘邦承认他的霸主地位,就允许刘邦有生存的空间,基于此在鸿门宴中放走了刘邦。

During the war between Chu and Han, why did Xiang Yu lose and Liu Bang win？ Scholars normally believe that the reasons lie in Xiang Yu and Liu Bang＇s differences in their selection of officials, their personalities and their class consciousness, but these scholars fail to see Xiang Yu and Liu Bang＇s political ambitions. Although Liu Bang had the ambition to become an emperor, he tried to show his weakness at the Hongmen Banquet and persuaded Xiang Yu that what he wanted was no more than a local duke. Because Xiang Yu＇s political ambition was to restore the glory of Spring and Autumn Period and become the emperor over the dukes, he believed that the game between Liu Bang and him was not a zero-sum one. As long as Liu Bang subjected himself to Xiang Yu＇s dominance, Xiang Yu would allow room for Liu Bang＇s survival and allow Liu Bang to retreat from the Hongmen Banquet intact.