云南哈尼族寄宿制小学生饮食行为调查

Eating Behavior Survey of Western Minority Pupils

目的调查了解云南省农村哈尼族小学生饮食行为现状以发现存在的问题,为改善西部贫困地区儿童营养状况及政府制订相关饮食营养干预措施提供依据.方法整群抽取2所云南省哈尼族地区寄宿制小学全体学生作为调查对象,采用问卷调查收集近1个月的儿童早餐及零食行为信息.结果本次共调查1 667名哈尼族小学生,调查对象吃早餐的比例为77.9%,在选择早餐时多倾向于选择谷类（面包、馒头、包子、米线等）、瘦肉类（肉末、火腿肠等）、蔬菜类作为早餐,所占比例分别为90.6%、19.3%、14.5%;而早餐中豆制品（6.9%）、蛋类（11.0%）、奶类（7.8%）、水果类（11.8%）则摄入较少.哈尼族小学生零食行为的情况是,经常吃零食的比例为78.8%,其中47.1%的每周吃3-5次,33.8%的每周吃5次以上.48.7%的小学生每天花费0.5-1.0元来购买零食.在学校集体就餐饭菜份量方面,52.8%的刚好吃饱,仍有19.9%的学生吃不饱.结论云南哈尼族小学生的饮食行为不尽合理,可能会影响其长期的营养及健康状况,学校及相关组织应加强对学生或家长的营养教育,尤其应从低年级阶段学生抓起.

Objective Through investigating the situation of eating behaviors among pupils in western minority areas of Yunnan province,to discover the existing problems and provide evidences so as to make effective eating behavior intervention measures.Methods With cluster sampling,1683 pupils of 2 boarding primary schools in those areas were selected.Questionnaires were used to collect the data including recent related eating behavior.Results It was showed that 77.9 % of respondents had breakfast,on the choice of food,more inclined to choose cereal,lean meat,vegetables as breakfast,respectively proportion were 90.6 %,19.3 %,14.5 %,but bean products（6.9 %）,eggs（11.0 %）,dairy（7.8 %）,fruits（11.8 %） were less intake. And enjoying snacks accounted for 78.8 %,among them,eating snacks 3∽5 times per week accounted for 47.1%,33.8 % more than 5 times per week.48.7 %of the students spend 0.5∽1.0 yuan to buy snacks per day;the most popular snacks were listed as chocolate（59.6 %）,biscuits（36.6 %）,nuts（36.5 %）,puffed food（23.0 %）.In addition,89.6 % of pupils had special food preferences,83.6 % were unwilling to eat some food,and that kinds of food were relatively scattered.Conclusion It is very necessary for schools and relevant organizations to strengthen the nutrition education in students or parents,especially younger stage students.