中国垃圾填埋场甲烷减排关键技术的成本和潜力分析

EVALUATION OF COST AND POTENTIAL OF METHANE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES OF LANDFILLS IN CHINA

基于2012年全国2 125个垃圾填埋场的基础数据,结合文献研究、专家研讨评估和现场调研等方法,甄选出中国垃圾填埋场使用的11种CH4减排关键技术,评估了其各自的减排成本和减排潜力,建立了其减排成本曲线。甄选出的关键技术涉及CH4收集、生物好氧厌氧处理和终端处理等。结果显示：减排技术中仅生物活性覆盖技术成本在1 000元/t以下,且具有较高的减排潜力;临时膜覆盖-膜下抽气-火炬燃烧的减排潜力最高,主要是该技术推广应用的门槛较低,可以应用于简易填埋场和小型填埋场,其成本为2 595元/t;填埋气竖井收集-火炬等5种技术的成本为1 000～3 000元/t,减排潜力比较可观,是大型填埋场的优先选择;渗滤液立体导排＋渗滤液处理等3种技术相对成本较高,且减排潜力不高,但其污染物协同减排效果显著,对于经济发达的城市可以考虑应用。基于一般政策情景和低碳情景下的1 260,7 812元/t两种价格,计算了2020年两种情景下的减排量,两种情景的减排量在2012年的基础上分别减少4.36%和17.22%。

Eleven key methane mitigation technologies of landfills are identified and evaluated based on detailed information of2 125 landfills in China,by literature review,expert discussion and site investigation. The cost effectiveness and mitigation potential are analyzed to develop the abatement cost curve of landfill methane mitigation in China. The key technologies include methane collection,biological aerobic-anaerobic treatment and end-of-pipe treatment. The cost of bioactive covering technology is the lowest among all the key technologies,with less than 1 000 RMB / t and high mitigation potential. The mitigation potential of the temporary membrane covering-gas extraction-flaring technology is the highest due to its relatively lower technical requirements and acceptable cost of 2 595 RMB / t,suitable for the small and dumping landfills. The cost of vertical wells collection-flaring and the other four technologies ranges in 1 000 ～ 3 000 RMB / t with sizable abatement potential,being optimal choices for large landfills. The cost of leachate vertical conduction ＋ treatment and other two technologies are relatively high and with limited reduction potential. But they have significant environment co-benefits and can be implemented in economic developed cities. The reduction potentials in 2020 are further analyzed in two scenarios,with methane reduction price of 1 260 RMB / t and 7 812 RMB / t,and there will be 4. 36% and 17. 22% reduction respectively in2020 compared with the emissions of 2012.