道路交通安全态势研判中影响安全驾驶的相关药物研究进展

Research In Progress:Impact of Drug-impaired Driving on Traffic Safety

药物对驾驶能力的危害甚于酒精,主要包括毒品类、中枢神经系统兴奋剂、中枢神经系统抑制药、三环类抗抑郁药物、抗糖尿病药物、抗高血压药物、抗组胺药等。酒精的检验方法在交通领域的应用已经很成熟,但是毒品、精神药品以及一些影响安全驾驶的临床用药的检验方法仍未应用于交通领域。一些国家已经制定了药物影响驾驶能力的相关法律法规,我国也有相关的法律法规,但未对服用违禁药物驾驶设定相应的法律责任,为此有必要在交通领域中建立影响安全驾驶的药物筛查检验方法。本文着重介绍了国内外关于药物影响驾驶能力的研究进展、相关政策及其相应的检验检测技术。

It is well known that alcohol does impair a person＇s ability to drive safely. The determination of alcohol in blood, urine and respiratory gas has been normalized in the field of transportation. However, driving under the inference of drugs （DUID） has not drawn enough attention, even though it is more dangerous than that of alcohol. The drugs mainly include illicit drugs, central nervous system stimulants, central nervous system depressants, tricyclic antidepressants, antidiabetic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and antihistamines. The analyses of illicit drugs, psychotropic drugs and some clinical drugs with direct effects on driving safety have not yet been implemented in the transport field. Some developed countries have enacted laws and regulations relevant to drug-impaired driving ability, clearly stipulating that the drivers must not take any illegal and psychoactive drugs. In China, the 22th elause in the Road Traffic Safety Law provides that drivers who have drunk, or taken state-regulated psychotropic drugs or narcotics should not drive motor vehicles. The corresponding legal responsibility has not set yet, and no corresponding punishment basis has been created. Consequently preventing and combating drug driving is somehow quite affected. Therefore it is necessary to establish a drug-screening method in the domain of transportation. This article introduces the research progress and the corresponding technology of the impact of drugs on driving, and the related oolicv at home and abroad.