汉代策书体式考述

Examination on the Types of Book Policy in Han Dynasty

汉代策书可分为册封、策免、吊唁三种体式。册封体式与策免体式的区别在于:前者句式多以四言为主,体现出古奥典雅的风格,一些语句形成模式化套语;后者的句式则没那么严整,也未形成固定的套语。究其原因,策书本源于周代的册命,在形制上已具备悠久的传统,册封策书正是符合册封仪式庄重、整肃的要求,适合在仪式上宣读。相较而言,策免策书更侧重于策免三公的功能性与实效性。吊唁策书则是对哀悼对象个人德行、经历或功绩的彰表,其功能决定了吊唁之辞不能一概而论,此类策书体式也并未形成固定的规制。

Book policy in Han dynasty can be classified as three types：conferring titles, free policy and condolence. The style difference between conferring titles and free policy lies in that the former was mainly expressed in four words, embodying ancient and elegant style with sentences often in model, while the latter often expressed without rigid and model sentences. What is the reason？ Book policy stemmed from book appointment in Zhou dynasty, and had an age - old tradition in its style. Book policy for conferring titles agreed with the requirement of solemn and serious atmosphere in the ceremony of conferring titles of nobility, and was suited to be pronounced in the ceremony. In comparison book policy for freeing the titles emphasized on the function and effect when freeing the three Excellencies. Book policy for condolence expressed the public＇ s respect for the virtue, experience and achievements of the person who passed form. So this style of book away, and its function determined that the expressions of condolence may be varied in policy also didn＇t have regular and rigid rules and regulations.