灌水量对新疆温室滴灌番茄生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响

Impact of Irrigation Amount on Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Tomato in Greenhouse Under Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang

为确定新疆温室滴灌番茄适宜灌水量,在新疆农垦科学院科研基地开展了田间小区试验,研究不同灌水量处理对番茄生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:不同处理番茄株高、茎粗在苗期增长速度较快,随着生育期推进,番茄进入营养生长与生殖生长同时进行阶段,株高、茎粗增长缓慢直至稳定,株高、茎粗总体随着灌水量增大而增大,T4处理最大,T3处理次之,T1处理最小;番茄各生育期净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)总体随灌水量的增大而增大,苗期净光合速率日变化为单峰型曲线,峰值出现在13:00,而开花结果期与成熟采摘期净光合速率变化为双峰型曲线,峰值分别出现在11:00及15:00,各生育期气孔导度日变化为双峰型曲线,峰值分别出现在11:00及15:00;4种灌水量处理的产量大小依次是T3>T4>T2>T1,中高灌水量处理(T3)产量最高,低灌水量处理(T1)最低。综合分析试验结果,中高灌水量处理(T3)下番茄净光合速率和气孔导度与高灌水量处理(T4)无显著差异,并且产量最高,这说明中高灌水量(320m3/667m2)为新疆温室滴灌番茄较为适宜的灌水量。

To determine the appropriate irrigation amount of tomato in Xinjiang greenhouse,the field experiment was conducted to study the impact of different irrigation treatments on tomato growth,photosynthetic characteristics and yield in the research base of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science.The results showed that plant height and stem diameter under every treatment increased fast at the seedling stage,with the propulsion of growth stage,tomato went into the vegetative and reproductive growth stage at the same time,in order that plant height and stem diameter grew slower until stably.Plant height and stem diameter increased with the amount of irrigation on the whole,which of T4 was the highest,T3 followed,and T1 was the lowest;net photosynthetic rate（Pn）and stomatal conductance（Gs）at each growth stage of tomato overall increased as the irrigation amount growing,the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic（Pn）rate at seedling stage was a single peak curve with the peaking at 13：00,which of flowering and maturity picking stage were bimodal curve,and the peaks appeared at 11：00and 15：00.Stomatal conductance（Gs）curve at each growth stage was bimodal peak which appeared at 11：00and 15：00.The size order of yield under four irrigation amount was T3〉T4〉T2〉T1.Comprehensive analysis of the test results,the net photosynthetic（Pn）rate and stomatal conductance（Gs）of tomato under T3 had no significant difference with T4,and the yield was the highest,which indicated that the irrigation amount of 320m^3/667m^2 was more appropriate to tomato in greenhouse of Xinjiang.