吉林省关于灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗纳入国家免疫规划的社会稳定风险评估

Risk Assessment of Social Instability After Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine is included in the National Immunization Program in Jilin Province

目的评估吉林省灭活脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒疫苗(Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine,IPV)纳入国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)试点的社会稳定风险,最大限度预防和管理控制可能的风险因素。方法采取下发调查表的方法对各级卫生行政人员和免疫规划专业人员进行调查,对儿童家长和孕妇及其家属采用现场访谈的调查方法,财政、信访和维护稳定部门由吉林省卫生和计划生育委员会发函征求意见和建议。结果 77.03%的卫生行政人员和81.73%的免疫规划专业人员对IPV比较了解,而儿童家长、孕妇及其家属了解IPV的比例仅为19.82%和10.78%;83.56%的卫生行政人员和82.74%的免疫规划专业人员赞成IPV替代首剂口服脊灰减毒活疫苗纳入NIP,66.36%的儿童家长和65.69%的孕妇及其家属表示可以接受注射方式接种IPV;IPV纳入NIP,8.11%的卫生行政人员认为会引起原来诊断的疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰病例上访;儿童家长和孕妇及其家属认为孩子接种IPV后出现不良反应,获得帮助的途径依次是预防接种单位、医疗机构和卫生行政部门,寻求媒体帮助和申请医学鉴定的在儿童家长中分别占3.23%和5.99%,孕妇及其家属分别占6.86%和9.80%。结论 IPV纳入NIP,绝大多数公众是理解和支持的,社会稳定风险评估为低风险,但需要加强政策调整的相关培训和适度宣传。

Objective To assess the risk of social instability after inactivated poliovirus vaccine（ IPV） is included in the national immunization planning（ NIP） in Jilin province,with the objective of preventing and controlling potential risks as much as possible. Methods Self-administered questionnaires were sent to all levels of health administrators and immunization staff. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to learn the attitudes of children＇s parents,pregnant women,and their families on a document issued by the Health and Family Planning Commission of Jilin Province. Results Health administrators and immunization staff were more knowledgeable about IPV,77. 03% and 81. 73%,respectively,than parents and pregnant women and theirfamilies, 19. 82% and 10. 78%, respectively.Among health administrators and immunization staff,83. 56% and 82. 74% were in favor of IPV replacing OPV for the first dose of the polio vaccination schedule,and 66. 36% of parents and 65. 69% of pregnant women and their families thought that theywould likely accept IPV. A minority（ 8. 11%） of health administrator thought that using IPV would cause petitions from previous vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis patients or their relatives. If adverse reactions to the vaccine occur,most parents and pregnant women and their families would likely seek help from vaccination clinics,medical institutions,or the health administrative department; few would seek help from the media or apply for medical evaluation： 3. 23% and 5. 99% of parents of children,respectively,and for pregnant women and their families： 6. 86% and 9. 80%,respectively. Conclusions The vast majority of the public understands and supports inclusion of IPV into the NIP,with a low risk of social instability. However,training on polio vaccination policy changes and appropriate public communication should be strengthened.