我国高校教师发明专利权属分布的实证研究

Why So Many Faculty Patents Are Assigned to Outside of University?

考察1985年至2012年间国内35所高校机械工程、电信和生命科学三类学院的28864项教师发明专利的权属分布情况,发现高达14.31%的发明专利的专利权人不完全是教师所在高校。通过二项和多项Logistic回归实证分析教师发明专利权属分布影响因素,研究发现:专利和发明人特征、高校科研管理政策及外部环境均与专利权属分布显著相关,专利主权项数、共同发明人数量、教师拥有专利总量及许可收益分配比例与教师专利披露行为正相关;高校科研水平和城市竞争力与教师校外分配行为正相关,这些发现对高校专利管理和技术转移工作有现实意义。

Recent researches have explored the issue of faculty patent assignment in the process of university technology transfer. However,there are few empirical studies that examine the real picture of faculty patent assignment in Chinese universities. This paper aims to narrow this gap by investigating the faculty patent disclosure and assignment in top 35 Chinese universities that applied for patent. In a sample of 28864 patents with university faculties as inventors in three different schools from 1985 to 2012,14. 31% are not solely assigned to universities,but to private firms,joint universities and firms,or individuals. In this paper we correlate the faculty assignment to patent and inventor characteristics,university policy and external environment. The empirical result shows that faculty patents,which have more patent claims or co-inventors,will be more likely to be assigned to university,and the probability of university assignment increases with faculties＇ applied patents. The inventor share of licensing revenue is positively related to faculty＇s patent disclosure. More intellectual eminence of universities or higher competiveness of cities also could increase the likelihood of outside assignment. Lastly,this paper provides new insights as well as operational policy implications for China＇s university policy makers.