江西南康客家话中的程度增减标记词“系”与“子”

The Marker of Degree Increase and Decrease “xi(系) ” and “zi(子) ” in Jiang Xi Nan Kang Hakka Dialect

南康客家话中有丰富的程度表达方式,可用主观标记词"系"、"子"标记程度量的增减。"系+程度结构"、"程度结构+子"分别构成"低量强化"和"高量弱化"手段,表达了说话人对偏离客观程度量的主观感受。语言使用过程中语义的主观化是"系"、"子"演变为程度标记词的主要动因。南康话中的"系"、"子"还有其他用法,反映了语法化过程中的不同阶段,可以通过语义、语音及句法等条件对程度标记词"系"、"子"进行辨识。

Jiangxi NanKang Hakka use bundant expressions of Degree. They also use subjective marker ＂Xi＂ and ＂Zi＂ to increase or decrease the degree. ＂Xi ＋ degree structure＂and ＂Zi ＋ degree structure＂respectively consti- tute the means of ＂low degree to strengthen ＂and ＂high degree to weaken＂. Meanwhile, these express speakers＇ subjective feelings which diverge from objective degree. During language use, the semantic subjectivity is the main causes of the evolution from the words ＂Xi＂, ＂Zi＂ to degree markers. Obviously, ＂Xi＂and＂Zi＂ in NanKang Hak- ka dialect have other usages which reflect the different stages of grammaticalization. We can recognize the degree makers from semantics, pronunciation and syntax etc.