《联合国海洋法公约》“适当顾及”研究

A Discussion on ＂Due Regard＂ in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

1982年《联合国海洋法公约》（以下简称飞海洋法公约炉）为海洋建立了一种法律秩序。在这种法律秩序中，海洋权利、自由纵横交错。“适当顾及”来源于国际习惯法、国际条约和一般法律原则，是《海洋法公约》的一项原则，用来解决《海洋法公约》中行使权利和自由冲突。“适当顾及”包含两个方面，一是“顾及”，即一国行使其海洋权利或自由时意识并考虑到其他国家的利益；二是“适当”的顾及，即国家在意识并考虑到其他国家的利益后，与自己行使权利或自由进行利益分析、平衡，以达到适当性标准。“适当性”标准是由国际的权威决策者依据国际共同标准在具体情况下进行的利益衡量。“适当顾及”在国际法实践中也有运用。

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS） has established a legal order for seas and oceans. In this legal order, rights and freedoms of the sea interact with each other. The term ＂due regard＂, derived from customary international law, international treaties and general legal principles, is a principle of the UNCLOS, which is used to settle the conflict between the exercise of rights and freedoms. It is comprised of two components： 1） ＂regard＂, meaning that a State should respect and take into account the interests of other States whilst exercising its maritime rights or freedoms; 2） ＂due＂ regard. A State analyzes and balances the interests between exercising its own rights or freedoms and realizing and taking into account the interests of other States, so as to meet the criteria of due regard. The criteria of due regard is the weighing of interests by authoritative policy-makers in the global community in accordance with internationally-accepted criteria and actual conditions. ＂Due regard＂ is also applied in international law practices.