黎巴嫩与以色列海上油气争端与海洋划界方案

The Offshore Oil and Gas Dispute and the Maritime Delimitation Scheme between Israel and Lebanon

自东地中海地区特别是黎凡特盆地发现油气资源以来，周边沿海国纷纷加速提出专属经济区主张。其中，黎巴嫩与以色列海上油气争端成为了影响地区安全的热点问题。本文从相关海域划界协议以及黎以双方的各自主张入手，指出黎以两国相邻海域划界包括领海划界和专属经济区划界两部分，尚未勘定陆上边界也是两国海域划界问题的关键。本文进一步考察了争端解决途径，指出合作开发是有效的解决方式，在考虑专属经济区的划界方案时，地理地质考量因素较少，而应充分顾及社会、经济等因素的考量，以获得公平的划界结果。

Since the discovery of oil and gas resources in the eastern Mediterranean region, especially in the Levantine Basin, exclusive economic zone （EEZ） claims in that region by surrounding coastal States have greatly increased, especially between Israel and Lebanon, whose offshore oil and gas dispute has become a hot issue affecting regional security. This article starts with an analysis of relevant maritime delimitation agreements and respective claims of the two States, and then comes to the conclusion that the maritime delimitation between the two States should include the delimitation of both adjacent territorial waters and EEZs, and that non-delimited land boundaries are the crux of the solution to the maritime delimitation. As for the solution to the dispute, this article makes the proposal that joint development can be an effective solution, and that in an effort to achieve equitable delimitation results, social and economic factors, rather than geographic and geological ones, should be given more importance in the development of the EEZ delimitation scheme.