心灵哲学的“危机”与“激进的概念革命”——麦金基于自然主义二元论的“诊断”

The Crisis in Philosophy of Mind and “Radical Conceptual Revolution”:Colin McGinn's Diagnosis based on Naturalistic Dualism

心灵哲学尽管诞生了不计其数的理论,但对心灵的认识并没有取得实质性进展。对心身问题等的认识则陷入了深刻的危机。根据麦金的诊断,其根源在于,我们过去用来认识心灵的概念图式存在着根本的缺陷。心灵哲学摆脱困境的一个出路是进行激进的概念革命。概念革命的主要任务是在否定传统空间概念的基础上创立新的非空间概念以及关于它与空间概念之关系的概念图式。为了解释意识何以能产生出来,我们既应重视常见的物质力量,还应承认物质中存在着别的东西或属性,如物质中的非物质性的属性,或与空间性结合在一起的非空间性。在心身关系问题上,通常的自然主义和传统的二元论都是片面的和不可取的。只有把它们结合起来,才是出路之所在。

Despite the numerous theories emerged from the Philosophy of Mind, the understanding of mind has not been achieved substantive progress; instead, the understanding of body-mind problem has been fallen into deep crisis. According to McGinn＇s diagnosis, the source of the problem resides in the fact that the fundamental flaws exist in conceptual scheme, which was applied to acknowledge the mind in the past. Radical concept of revolution is a way out of difficulties for Philosophy of Mind. For conceptual revolution, the primary task is to establish a new non-spatial concept as well as the conceptual scheme related to the spatial concept, based on the negations of traditional spatial concept. For the sake of explaining the production of consciousness, attention should not only be paid to the common physical force, but also the acknowledgement of some other staff or properties within matter, such as the immaterial properties of matter or the non-spatial attributes combined with extensity. On the issue of body-mind relations, the usual naturalism and traditional dualism both are one-sided; and the outlet is to combine them.