饮用淡化海水对大鼠血中铜锌钙镁铁的影响

Effect of Drinking Desalinated Seawater on Copper,Zinc,Calcium,Magnesium and Iron in Rats Blood

目的通过对淡化海水卫生学指标进行检测分析及饮用淡化海水大鼠血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁含量的测定,评价饮用淡化海水对大鼠血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁的影响。方法首先对所采集的淡化海水的感官性状及一般化学指标20项、73项毒理学指标进行分析,判定其是否符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）。然后将采集所得淡化海水喂饲大鼠,与饮用市政自来水组大鼠进行对照比较,研究其血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁含量,并计算铜锌比值、钙镁比值,分析饮用淡化海水对血中这些重要金属元素的影响。结果所采集的受试淡化海水感官性状和一般化学指标均合格,色度〈5,p H=6.94,呈现弱酸性。水中溶解性总固体浓度为186 mg/L,总硬度为13 mg/L,符合饮用水卫生标准要求。硼含量为1.3 mg/L高于限值（≤0.5 mg/L）,氟化物0.02 mg/L低于限值（≤1 mg/L）,其他指标均未检出。饮用淡化海水180 d,大鼠血中铜含量明显高于饮用市政自来水组（F=3.02,P=0.042）,其铜/锌也高于饮用市政自来水组（F=4.774,P=0.035）。饮用淡化海水90 d大鼠血中钙含量高于饮用市政自来水组大鼠（F=55.642,P=0.00）,其钙/镁也高于饮用市政自来水组大鼠（F=44.933,P=0.00）;饮用淡化海水180 d的大鼠血中镁、铁含量低于饮用市政自来水组大鼠（F=19.847,P=0.0007;F=5.309,P=0.027）。饮用淡化海水180 d大鼠血中钙/镁也高于饮用市政自来水组大鼠（F=5.309.P=0.030）。结论饮用淡化海水180 d会引起大鼠血中铜含量及铜/锌升高及血铁含量下降;饮用淡化海水90~180 d均会引起大鼠血中钙/镁升高。

Objectives To analyse the components of desalinated seawater and determine the content of blood copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium and iron in rats drinking desalinated seawater,to evaluate the effect of drinking desalinated seawater on blood copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium and iron of rats. Methods Twenty sensory characteristics and chemical indexes and 73 toxicological indexes of desalinated seawater were analysed to confirm if they were accorded with the＂Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water＂（ GB 5749- 2006）. Then,the blood copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium and iron contents of rats drinking municipal tap water（ control group） or desalinated seawater（ test group） were determined,and the copper-zinc ratio and calcium-magnesium ratio were calculated.Results The sensory characteristics and chemical indexes of desalinated seawater were qualified; the chromacity was 5,the p H value was 6. 94,showing a faint acidity. Total dissolved solids was 186 mg / L and total hardness was 13 mg / L in desalinated seawater,which were all accorded with the hygienic standard for drinking water. While the content of boron（ 1. 3 mg / L） was higher than the upper limit（ ≤ 0. 5 mg / L）; fluoride（ 0. 02 mg / L） was lower than the limit（ ≤ 1 mg / L） of the standard; and other indexes were not detectable. Blood copper and copperzinc ratio in rats drinking desalinated seawater for 180 d was higher than the rats drinking municipal tap water（ control rats）. Blood calcium and calcium-magnesium ratio in rats drinking desalinated seawater for 90 d were higher than the control rats. Blood magnesium and iron in rats drinking desalinated seawater for 180 d were lower than the control rats. While blood calcium-magnesium ratio in rats drinking desalinated seawater for 180 d was higher than the control rats. Conclusions The increase of blood copper and cooper-zine ratio,and the drop of blood iron level in rats,might be induced by drinking desalinated seawater for 180 d. While the calcium-magnesium ratio in rats would be increased after drinking desalinated seawater for 90 ~ 180 d.