清代广东乡会试宾兴事业探析

An Explore of Binxing in the Triennial Examination and Metropolitan Examination in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty

清代,中央政府仅资助会试的士子,且额度少。为解决士子乡会试的卷资、盘费问题,清嘉庆、道光朝起,广东州县纷纷筹措资金,资助赴考的乡会试士子,至今广东还留有这类宾兴遗存。作为地方的文化、教育资产,广东宾兴资金的来源有官府公项、官绅及民人捐资等。广东以宾兴资产的生息部分资助士子,其增殖办法为置买田产、发典(当)生息或直接放贷生息。

In the Qing Dynasty, the central government only subsidized examinees to metropolitan examination, and only subsidized a small amount of funding. In order to solve the candidates＇ papers fees and tolls issue, since the Jiaqing and Daoguang period, Guangdong counties have subsidized examinees, and till now, such Binxing has also remained in Guangdong. As assets of local culture and education, sources of Binxing funds in Guangdong are official, gentry and the people who donated etc.. The value added part of the Bin Xing assets is uesd to subsidize examinees in Guangdong, the value added ways is to buy land, pawn or lending directly.