知识内隐性的发生现象学探析

Analysis of the Implicitness of Knowledge Based on Genetic Phenomenology

认知过程可以归结为奠基在被动构成基础上的素朴性把握、展显性把握、相关性把握三个主动构成阶段,对这一过程的深入探析发现波兰尼隐性知识的内涵包括认知过程内隐性和认知结果内隐性两个方面,内隐性的根源在于被动构成以及主动的被动性的无意识特征;认知过程对被动构成和主动的被动性的依赖程度影响认知结果的内隐程度,整个人类知识将构成从高度内隐到高度外显的连续统而不能简单二分为隐性与显性两类。胡塞尔的发生现象学可以很好地诠释波兰尼的隐性知识理论,而且其主动的被动性和行为效应能够很好地诠释知识的内化,无意识的主动的被动性淀积层就是知识的内化层。

In view of passive constitution,cognitive process can be summed up as simple apprehension,explicative apprehension and relational apprehension.A further analysis of this process shows that the connotation of Polanyi＇s tacit knowledge includes implicitness of both cognitive process and cognitive result.The implicitness is characterized by the unconsciousness of passive constitution and the unconsciousness of active passiveness.The dependence on passive constitution and active passiveness in the cognitive process may influence the implicitness of cognitive result.Human knowledge should be a continuum from a highly internal implicitness to a highly external explicitness but should not be simply divided into tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.Husserl＇s genetic phenomenology can better explain Polanyi＇s theory of tacit knowledge.Furthermore,Husserl＇s active passiveness and behavior effect give a full annotation of internalization of knowledge.The illuvium of unconscious active passiveness is the internalization of knowledge.