略论中希洪水神话之异同

On the similarities and differences between Chinese and Hebrew flood myths

将以伏羲、女娲为核心的中国洪水神话和希伯来洪水神话(《旧约·创世记》洪水神话)进行了比较、互释,认为这两个神话的初次创世产生于原始母系社会,再次创世产生于父权社会,洪水是两次创世的分水岭,其功能在摧毁母系社会、开启父权社会。神话中的洪水可分自然洪水和文化洪水,中国的洪水后兄妹婚神话和《旧约·创世记》洪水神话不反映洪水自然现象本身,属文化洪水,与所谓的历史上爆发过的一次淹没全世界的大洪水无关,想从中挖掘历史真相是徒劳的。

Comparing the Chinese flood myth featuring Fuxi and Nüwa and the flood in Book of Gen-esis,we assume that in both of the myths the first creation arose from the primitive matriarchal socie-ty and the second from the patriarchal society.The flood is the divider whose function is to destroy the matriarchal society and to found the patriarchal society.Floods in myths include natural floods and cultural floods.The Chinese post-flood brother-sister marriage myths and the flood in Book of Genesis are cultural floods,both of which are different from the big flood in history that submerged the whole world and are irrelevant to the historical truth in them.