核酸检测与抗体检测在HIV感染中的应用

Application of nucleic acid detection and antibody detection in HIV infection

目的比较核酸检测与抗体检测在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染诊断中的准确性。方法回顾性分析2005~2014年124例确诊HIV感染者的抗体检测与核酸检测资料,并分别比较两种方法在早期感染者（76例）与中晚期感染者（48例）中的检出阳性率。结果早期感染者核酸检测阳性率（94.74%）高于抗体检测（84.21%）,中晚期感染者抗体检测阳性率（97.92%）高于核酸检测（81.25%）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论核酸检测在HIV感染早期准确性高于抗体检测,而在HIV感染中晚期,抗体检测准确性较高。

Objective To compare the accuracy of nucleic acid detection and antibody detection for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection.Methods Retrospectively analysed data of nucleic acid detection and antibody detection from 124 cases of patients diagnosed with HIV infection from 2005 to 2014.The positive rates of the two methods were compared respectively in patients with early-stage of HIV infection（76 cases）and patients with intermediate and advanced stage of HIV infection（48cases）.Results In patients with early-stage of HIV infectionn,the positive rate of nucleic acid detection（94.74%）was higher than that of antibody detection（84.21%）;while in patients with intermediate and advanced stage of HIV infection,the positive rate of antibody detection（97.92%）was higher than that of nucleic acid detection（81.25%）;both had statistically significant difference（P〈0.05）.Conclusion On the early stage of HIV infection,the accuracy of nucleic acid detection is higher than that of antibody detection;while on the intermediate and advanced stage of HIV infection,antibody detection shows better accuracy.