我国农地确权制度改革研究——从正当性维度的考察

Farmland Confirmation of Real Right Reform in China——from the Dimension of Justice

我国农地所有权属制度一直是改革开放以来理论界和学术界共同关注的焦点,而农地所有权构造又是农地制度的核心。农地确权是保障和实现农民权益的前提。在我国社会原有的体制性城乡二元结构逐渐瓦解,市场型城乡二元结构逐步建构的过程中,长期以来奉行的"一刀切"的农地所有权属制度渐失正当性基础,原因在于它脱离了农地自然属性,与我国当下农村的实际生产力水平不相适应。以边沁、罗尔斯的正义观提供的效率、自由以及马克思的公平正义观为考察工具,现行农地所有权属存在内在的制度缺陷。我国应建立土地权属分类所有创新机制,以充分激发土地资源和劳动主体的活力,实现农民对农地财产权利的公平享有。法治作为社会变革的引擎,在建立新型农村土地权属机制上具有不可替代的作用和功能,当然,相关配套制度建立也是题中之义。

All farmland ownership system in China has been a common focus theory and academia since the reform and opening up, the farmland ownership structure is the core of the farmland system. Farmland counterpoising truly is the precondition of security and farmer＇s rights and interests. In the original system of urban and rural dual structure of Chinese society gradually disintegrated, market - oriented dual structure between urban and rural areas step by step in the process of construction, long - term adherence to the ＂one size fits all＂ since all the ownership of farmland system gradually lost justice foundation, the reason is that it is out of the land natural attribute, and the actual productivity level of our current rural does not adapt. Bentham, Rawls＇s justice with efficiency, freedom of inspection tools, while Marx＇s concept of fairness and justice is the free comprehensive development provides a scientific and reasonable method of investigation. All our country academic circles in recent years, the study reveals that the current farmland ownership inherent institutional defects. Earthy land ownership to classify all the establishment of innovation mechanism, to fully stimulate the vitality of land resources and labor subject, farmers equitable access to agricultural land property rights. The rule of law as the engine of social change in the new mechanism of rural land ownership has an irreplaceable role and function, of course, one characteristic of related supporting system to establish also.