运动式监管与监管型国家建设:基于对食品安全专项整治行动的案例研究

The Campaign-style Regulation and Regulatory State Building in China:A Case Study on Product Quaity and Food Safety Special Strike Campaign

在相当长的一个时期内,频繁发动各种类型的专项整治运动,是中国政府执行市场监管政策过程中所体现出来的一个鲜明特征,运动式监管因而也已经成为中国监管型国家建设的重要途径。本文以2007年产品质量和食品安全专项整治行动作为分析案例,全面对运动式监管方式的利弊得失进行了评估,并从历史路径依赖、压力型体制、常规监管资源的缺乏、监管问题的复杂性以及地方政府官员的理性选择五个方面对运动式监管形成的原因进行了制度分析,最后提出在简政放权的新形势下,应当从监管理念与文化、监管工具及方式、监管资源的配备以及监管绩效评估四个方面遏制运动式监管的滥用,推进监管逐步转换为可持续监管。

The frequent use of regulatory campaigns, such as all kinds of so -called ＂special strikes on certain issues＂, is a remarkable feature of China＇ s regulatory state building based on its market socialism condition within a long period of time. Thus, the campaign - style regulation has become an important approach in China＇ s regulatory state building. By taking a typical case of ＂ Product Quality and Food Safety Special Strike＂ which was launched in 2007, this paper makes an overall evaluation on the pros and cons of the campaign - style regulation, explaining the causes of its origin from path - dependence, stressful system, the shortage of regular policy resources, the complexity of regulatory issues and the rationale choice of politicians and bureaucrats. Finally, four major policy suggestions are advanced to reduce the overuse of regulatory campaigns and update the campaign - style regulation to sustainable regulation under its new regulatory simplification condition from the perspectives of regulatory culture, regulatory tool, regulatory resources allocation and regulatory performance appraisal.