高速轮式钢轨探伤变距式超声波发射模式的设计与应用

Design-and-application of high speed wheel-type rail f law detection device based on distance-variable and ultrasonic-emission mode

与传统的人工检测方法相比,探伤车具有检测速度快、可靠性高、重复性好的特点,对保障铁路运输安全起到了重要作用。目前国内大型钢轨探伤车最高检测速度可达80 km/h。本文基于高速轮式超声波探伤作业系统的研究开发,结合超声波在探轮和钢轨内传播的特点,对钢轨探伤车检测速度、扫查间距、超声波重复频率之间的关系进行了研究,比较了高速轮式探伤的3种超声波发射模式的优缺点,设计了适用于探伤作业系统的8个超声波发射模式。以XILINX公司的Virtex-ⅡXC2V3000型FPGA芯片为平台,进行了软硬件设计。采用变距式发射模式的超声波探伤作业系统在人工伤损线进行了标定试验和实际线路检测试验,试验结果证明变距式超声波发射模式可满足超声波探伤作业系统的检测能力需求,能够缩小超声波扫查间距,有助于提高探伤系统的伤损检出能力。

Compared with the traditional manual detection method,rail flaw detection car has the characteristics of high detection speed,high reliability and good repeatability,which plays an important role in ensuring railway transportation safety.At present,the maximum detection speed of the large rail flaw detector car is 80 km/h.Based on the high speed ultrasonic flaw detection system development with rolling probe unit（RPU） and combing with the characteristics of ultrasonic spreading in the RPU and rail,this paper studied the relationship among detection speed,scanning interval and ultrasonic repetition frequency of rail flaw detection car,compared the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of ultrasonic-emission mode for high speed wheel detection,designed eight ultrasonicemission mode for flaw detection system,and made the hardware and software design with XILINX Virtex type-ⅡXC2V3000 FPGA.Calibration test and actual line detection test were implemented in artificial injury line by adopting ultrasonic flaw detection system with variable distance emission mode.The test results showed that the variable distance ultrasonic-emission mode could satisfy the requirement of detection capability for ultrasonic flaw detection system and decrease the ultrasonic scanning interval,which could improve the flaw detection capability of detection system.