日本社区精神卫生服务模式及思考

Analysis on Models of Community Mental Health Service in Japan

为了解日本社区精神卫生服务的发展,获取有益经验,推动我国精神卫生的社区实践,总结了日本的精神卫生服务政策、法规及其对社区精神卫生服务的指引作用。同时,对日本的社区实践模式进行了分析。依据日本发展社区精神卫生服务的实践,总结为四种模式:以患者管理为主的模式、专科医院与社区服务一体化的模式、以社会福利合作组织为主的模式、开放式社区网络模式。借鉴日本经验,我国应在家庭帮扶的基础上,鼓励各种机构参与,形成不同组织、方式共同融合发展的服务模式。

To gain implications from the development of community mental health services in Japan and promote the practice of community mental health care in China, this paper reviewed the policies, regulations and guidance of community mental health service in Japan. Meanwhile, four modes of community mental health services in Japan were analyzed, such as the mode of patient-centered management, integrative mode of special hospital and community services, the mode of social welfare cooperation organization and the mode of opened community network. Finally, the authors suggested that, based on family support, we should integrate various services of different organizations to form an integration mode of mental health service in China.