南海周边国家近20年海岸线时空变化分析

Analysis on spatial-temporal changes of the coastline in the countries around the South China Sea in recent two decades

利用遥感和GIS技术获取了1990-2010年3期南海周边国家不同类型海岸线的时空分布,对近20年来南海周边国家海岸线时空变化特征进行了分析研究。结论如下:(1)南海周边国家岸线人工化趋势明显,自然的生物岸线(主要是红树林)和基岩岸线消失显著。除中国和新加坡外,总体开发强度尚处于初级阶段;(2)研究区大部分区域岸线受人为开发因素影响显著,空间位置以向海推进为主,平均推进速度为8.09 m/a。而湄公河口、泰国湾以及印度尼西亚西北部等区域由于海水的侵蚀作用,向陆后退趋势明显,平均后退速度为5.96 m/a;(3)研究区各个国家海岸线长度变化不一,反映各国对海岸线的开发强度和阶段不同,其中,新加坡岸线开发强度最高,菲律宾和柬埔寨处于简单的海岸开发阶段;(4)中国、新加坡和文莱对其海岸带的开发主要集中在2000年前,而2000年后海岸开发强度有所减弱,其他国家对海岸带的开发主要集中在2000年后,尤其是越南、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚比较明显,而菲律宾对海岸带的开发强度最弱,说明南海周边国家沿海区域经济发展的不均衡性。

This study acquires the coastline spatial distributions in three periods from 1990 to 2010 in countries around the South China Sea using the remote sensing and GIS techniques, and analyses the spatial and temporal changes of the coastline in recent 20 years. The result shows that： （1） The coastline artificial trend is clear, while the natural biological coastline （mainly mangrove） and bedrock coastline disappears significantly. Except for China and Singapore, the overall developing intensity is still in the primary stage; （2） Most coastlines of study area are affected by human development factors significant-ly, and the spatial locations are mainly advancing seaward, and the average advancing speed is 8.09 m/a. But in the Mekong River Estuary, Thailand Bay and northwest Indonesia area, due to the erosion of sea water, the trend of landward retreat is clear, and the average retreat speed is 5.96 m/a; （3） Coastline length changes in different countries are different, which re-flects that different countries have different developing intensities and stages on the coastline. Among them, the coastline de-veloping intensity of Singapore is highest, while Philippines and Kampuchea are still in the simple coastal development stages; （4） Developments in the coastal zone of China, Singapore and Brunei occurred mainly before the year 2000, and the coastal developing strength weakened after the year 2000. The coastal development of other countries is mainly after the year 2000. Among them, the development of Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia is more obvious, while the coastal de-velopment strength of Philippines is weakest. All above indicate that the coastal economic development of the countries around the South China Sea is unbalanced.