雷州半岛红树林湿地越冬鸻鹬类时空分布格局

Time-space Distribution Pattern of Wintering Shorebirds in Leizhou Peninsula Mangrove Wetland

2010—2014年冬季对鸻鹬类时空分布格局进行了研究。调查鸻鹬类的种类、数量、分布生境及区域等,并计算群落多样性、均匀度、密度、优势度、相似性等指数。共记录到鸻鹬类32种,其中:中日候鸟19种,中澳候鸟18种,列入华盛顿公约(CITES)附录Ⅱ的3种;冬候鸟27种,旅鸟5种,古北界31种,广布型1种。结果显示:物种数、个体数量、多样性指数、密度均是2013年最高,物种数、多样性、均匀度、优势度指标均是滩涂生境最高,养殖塘生境密度最大,九龙山物种数数量最多,个体数量、多样性、密度均是附城最高,均匀度高桥最高。根据结果分析得出结论:雷州半岛红树林湿地属于鸻鹬类的重要越冬地之一,并符合国际重要湿地标准;2010—2014年间雷州半岛红树林湿地越冬鸻鹬类群落特征差别不显著,但个体数量出现一些波动;越冬鸻鹬类分布以滩涂生境和养殖塘生境为主,滩涂生境可容纳较大群体,鸻鹬类更偏爱在滩涂生境取食,但冬季养殖塘生境也可作为鸻鹬类的食物补充地;雷州半岛红树林湿地应作为整体进行保护。

We conducted the study of the time-space distribution pattern of shorebirds in winters from2010 to 2014. Line transect method and sample point method were applied as the investigation methods for the investigation of the species,quantity,distribution habitat and region of shorebirds and the calculation of indexes including species diversity,evenness,density,dominance and similarity. Totally,32 species of shorebirds were recorded,including： 19 species of China-Japan migrant birds,18 species of China- Australia migrant birds and 3 species that are listed in CITES Appendix II; 27 species of winter birds,5 species of passing migrant birds,31 species of Palearctic Realm and 1 species of wide-distributed pattern. The results showed that 2013 was the year with highest species number,individual number,diversity index and density; tidal flat habitat was the habitat with highest species number,diversity,evenness and dominance index; culture pond habitat had the greatest density; Jiulong Mountain has the most abundant species number; Fucheng city had the highest species number,diversity and density,and Gaoqiao had the highest evenness. According to the analysis of results,we concluded that Mangrove Wetland in Leizhou Peninsula belongs to one of the important wintering ground which was in accordance with international important wetland standards for shorebirds. The community characteristics of wintering shorebirds in Mangrove Wetland of Leizhou Peninsula had no significant difference in the period from 2010 to 2014,but the number of individuals had some fluctuations. Wintering shorebirds were mainly distributed in tidal flat habitat and culture pond habitat. Tidal flat habitat can accommodate larger community,so shorebirds prefer to seek for food in tidal flat habitat. But in winter,culture pond habitat is also a nice place for food supplement. The Mangrove Wetland in Leizhou Peninsula should be protected as a whole.