专利竞赛中的租值消散分析

Analysis of Rent Dissipation Form in Patent Competition

从专利的保护成本和专利质量角度观察,专利中存在大量的租值消散现象。针对专利研发的参与权没有清楚界定,通过引入标准的租值消散模型来分析科研活动(尤其是专利研发竞赛)中的租值消散问题。研究发现,专利制度本身存在不少降低租值消散的因素:专利研发中的复杂性、随机性、不可预测性,以及参与者研究能力、所用设备要求、机会成本等方面的较大差异。通过对照理论模型和事实,对如何进一步减少专利制度中的租值消散提出政策建议。

According to the cost of patent protection and the quality of patent, many rent dissipation phenomenon exists in the field of patent. Because the right of participating in patent obtainment has not been clearly defined, rent dissipation model is used to analyze rent dissipation problems in research （especially patent race） . There are many factors which exist in the patent system itself could lower rent dissipation： patent R ＆ D＇ s complexity, randomness, unpredictability, and great differences in the researcher＇ s ability, equipment condition, and opportunity cost. Through the comparison of the theoretical model and fact, some suggestions are put forward about how to reduce dissipation rent of patent race.