碳捕获与封存技术应用中的法律监管制度研究

Study on Legal Supervision System of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology

碳捕获与封存技术是解决气候变化问题的重要手段,尤其适合以燃煤为主要能源的国家。我国目前面临巨大的减排压力,应当大力推广这项技术,但国内的相关立法和监管制度尚属空白。欧盟和美国制定了完善的碳捕获与封存技术立法,我国应借鉴其经验,建立科学的立法体系和监管体系,构建完善的监管制度,包括风险评估、许可和担保、监测、报告和核查、安全退出、事故应急处理、责任追究和公众参与等制度。

Carbon capture and storage technology is an important means to solve the problem of climate change, particular- ly suited for the countries which take coal as the main energy. Our country is facing enormous pressure to reduce emissions, therefore we should vigorously promote the technology. But the domestic relevant legislative and regulatory system is still blank. The European Union and the United States have made the perfect legislation on carbon capture and storage technolo- gy. Our country should draw lessons from the experience to set up a scientific system of legislative and regulatory system, and build a perfect supervision system including risk assessment, licensing and guarantees, monitoring, reporting and veri- fication, safety exit, accident emergency handling, accountability and public participation system, etc.