善意同乘中主被动情形的研究

Exploring Circumstances Involving Voluntary Invitation and Involuntary Invitation in Bona Fide Free Ride

善意同乘作为好意施惠行为,在间接侵权责任的法律关系中,其应当以过错责任为标准衡量机动车驾驶者的责任,但是除此之外,法律和理论并未论述到善意同乘建立时的不同:是驾车者主动要求搭载第三人;还是驾车者受第三人所邀,被动搭载第三人。不论是从法理上还是社会情理上,这两种情形在法律关系建立时所起的效果明显完全不同,因此本文尝试论述这两种情形的差异以及事后相关侵权责任的划分,以完善整个交通事故侵权责任理论。

As a beneficent act of bestowing favor,bona fide free ride,if resulting in legal actions,should be treated with the principle of fault liability. However,the existing legal documents and theoretical stipulations have yet fallen short of mentioning the differences between voluntary invitation and involuntary invitation in dealing with bona fide free ride disputes. The two situations might result in distinct legal outcomes either from legal or social-moral perspectives. Therefore,this paper attempts a distinction between these two circumstances and their resultant liabilities with a view to perfecting the tort liability theory in cases involving traffic accidents.