泉州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染病原体的流行特征

Investigation of Epidemiological Characteristics of Pathogens in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection in Quan Zhou

【目的】了解泉州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染（A RI ）除细菌外的其他八种常见呼吸道病原体的流行特征。【方法】收集本院6020例A RI住院患儿，根据患儿年龄共分为4组，婴儿组（0～岁）1837例；幼儿组（1～岁）2692例；学龄前期（3～岁）1200例；学龄期组（7～15岁）291例。按发病季节：春季（1～3月）1440例；夏季（4～6月）1603例；秋季（7～9月）1630例；冬季（10～12月）1347例。应用间接免疫荧光法同时检测呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒（ADV）、流感病毒A （Flu A）、流感病毒B （Flu B）、副流感病毒（PIV）、肺炎支原体（MP）、肺炎衣原体（CP），嗜肺军团菌（LP）IgM 抗体，采用χ2检验对各组患儿进行流行病特征分析。【结果】6020例ARI患儿，一重感染检出率为309．6％，其中RS V检出率最高，其次是M P ，混合感染率为45．7％，二重感染主要以M P或Flu A感染混合一种病原体，三重感染全是M P和Flu A联合混合另一种病原体。呼吸道病原体女性检出率高于男性，且差异有显著性（P ＜00．5）；四个年龄组间阳性检出率以学龄期组最高，且差异有显著性（P ＜00．5）。季节间阳性检出率差别有统计学意义（P ＜00．5），夏季检出率最高，春季最少。【结论】呼吸道病原体女性检出率高于男性；随着年龄增长病原体检出率越高，学龄期组检出最高；夏季检出率最高。应重点在流行季节前针对重点人群做好防控工作。

Objective]To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of nonbacterial pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection （ARI） in Quan Zhou .[Methods]The 6020 cases of children with ARI admitted to our hospital were divided into four groups （infant group ,nursing group ,preschool group ,and school group） by age and into four groups by season .Mycoplasma pneumoniae （MP）、respiratory syncytial virus （RSV）、Chlamydia trachomatis （CT）、adenovirus （ADV）、influenza virus type A（FluA）、influenza virus type B （FluB）、parainfluenza virus （PIV） ,and Legionella pneumnopila （LP ） were detected using indirect immunofluorescence assay .Epidemi‐ological characteristics of nonbacterial pathogens were analyzed statistically with Chi‐square .[Results]The detec‐tion rate of single infection was 30 9.6% in 6020 cases of children with ARI .Cases of RSV showed the highest posi‐tive rate ,followed by cases of MP .Rate of mixed infection was 4 5.7% .Most double infections were MP or FluA combined with one pathogen .,and most triple infections were MP and FluA combined with one pathagen .The pos‐itive detection rates between gender groups ,among age groups ,and among season groups showed statistically sig‐nificant differences （ P 〈0 0.5） .Rates were higher in females ,highest in children of school age ,and highest in summer .Rate of infection was lowest in spring .[Conclusion]The detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was higher amongst females than amongst males .The rate varied with age and season ,increasing most at school age and in summer .Main actions of prevention should be taken before the epidemic season to control ARI .