重庆市无偿献血者人细小病毒B19的感染状况研究

Study on the infection status of human parvovirus B19 among unpaid blood donors in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市无偿献血者中人细小病毒B19感染状况,评估B19病毒的流行病学情况,为本市乃至中国未来制订实施更为科学合理的输血安全策略提供基础数据。方法用ELISA对无偿献血者血液进行B19IgM和IgG抗体筛查。结果1 104份无偿献血者血液样本中,B19IgM和IgG阳性率分别为5.07%和36.68%(P<0.05)。女性B19IgM抗体阳性率高于男性(P<0.05),而在男性和女性中B19IgG抗体阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄组中B19IgM阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B19IgG阳性率随着年龄升高而升高(P<0.05)。不同血型人群比较、不同季节献血者B19IgM和IgG阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、HIV阳性样本与阴性样本中B19IgM、B19IgG阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论重庆市献血者中,仍有少部分人群感染B19病毒,在尚未开展B19病毒筛查的情况下,存有输血传播该病毒的风险。

Objective To provide basic datas for enriching the scientific and reasonable security strategy of blood transfusion in Chongqing,even for the national use in the future,we studied the infection status of human parvovirus B19 （B19V） among unpaid blood donors and evaluated the prevalence of B19V in Chongqing. Methods B19 IgM and B19 IgG antibody from blood donors were detected by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results Among 1 104 blood samples of blood donors,the positive rate of B19 IgM was 5.07% ,and the positive rate of B19 IgG was 36.68%, there was a significant difference between them（P〈 0.05）. The positive rate of B19 IgM from females was higher than males＇ （P〈0.05） ,but there was no statistical difference for the positive rate of B19 IgG between different gender （P〉 0.05）. Comparing with various age groups, There was still no significant difference of the positive rate of B19 IgM among them（P〉0.05）, but the positive rates of B19 IgG increased with age increasing （P〈0. 05）. The different blood types or eollection seasons, and the statistical difference were not established in these two conditions （P〉0.05）. And there was no significant difference for positive rate of B19 IgM between positive samples and negative samples of HBV,HCV,HIV,tbe results of B19 IgG also were such（P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Among blood donors in Chongqing,although there was no screening for B19V, we still found infections by B19V. So this may illustrated that the risk of blood transfusion by B19V was still existed.