玉米内生真菌的分离与鉴定

Separation and identification of endophytic fungi from Zea mays

对不同品种的玉米种子及不同地区、不同部位的玉米内生真菌进行分离和鉴定。结果显示,8个不同品种的玉米种子,内生真菌检出率为25%,不同玉米品种的种子内所含的内生真菌种类和数目都不同,最高的检出率为40%,最低的检出率为10%。从玉米种子中分离得到的92个菌株,经形态学鉴定,分别属于14个属,出现频率最高的是木霉属,为34.78%。从不同地区的玉米组织中一共分离得到内生真菌168株,其中10株未产孢的没有鉴定,其他菌株经形态学鉴定分别属于26个属,以青霉属、曲霉属、头孢霉属为主,占内生真菌分离物总数的41.07%。对形态学鉴定为白僵菌属的10个菌株进行分子鉴定,均确定为球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)。此外,球孢白僵菌作为玉米的内生真菌,在国内还是首次分离得到。

Endophytic fungi were isolated from Zea mays cultivated in different growing regions. Endophytic fungi in seeds of eight tested commercial corn varieties were found to account for 25% in average, varying from 10% to 40%. The number of fungi and fungal species were different in different corn varieties. Ninety-two fungal isolates were obtained from the corn seeds. These fungi belong to 14 genera based on their morphology. The highest proportion of these fungal species belongs to the genus Trichoderma, accounting for 34.78%. There were 168 fungi isolated from the corn seedlings cultivated in different regions. Most of the fungi were identified with the exception of 10 sterile isolates. The genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cephalosporium accounted for 41.07%. Of those, 10 isolates that were identified by morphological identification as Beauveria bassiana were further identified by molecular method. It is the first report in China that Beauveria bassiana was isolated from maize and can live in maize plants.