山核桃青皮水浸提液对3种植物的化感作用研究

Allelopathic effect of the water extract from the Carya cathayensis Sarg. Husk on seed germination and growth of three crops

为了探讨山核桃对小麦、油菜和绿豆3种农作物的化感效应和作用规律,采用蒸馏水浸提法收集山核桃青皮化感物质,运用室内生物测定法检测其不同浓度(0.005、0.01和0.1 g·m L-1)浸提液对小麦、油菜和绿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,山核桃青皮水浸液对小麦、油菜的发芽率和发芽势表现为"低促高抑"的浓度效应,对绿豆的发芽率和发芽势表现为抑制的作用现象。山核桃青皮水浸液对受体植物种子活力指数的影响大于对种子发芽指数、发芽势和发芽率的影响。山核桃青皮水浸液对3种受体植物根长的抑制作用大于对苗高的抑制作用。山核桃青皮水浸液对3种受体植物幼苗鲜、干重的化感作用均为"低促高抑"的现象。山核桃青皮水浸液对3种受体植物影响的综合效应为:油菜>绿豆>小麦。上述结果表明山核桃青皮水浸液对小麦、油菜、绿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长均有不同程度的化感抑制作用,3种受体植物对青皮水浸液敏感性的强弱顺序为油菜>绿豆>小麦。

In order to analyze the allelopathic effect of Carya cathayens Sarg. on three crop species. Theef- fects of the water extract from the Carya cathayensis husk at 0.005, 0.01,and 0.1 g.mL-1 on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, and Vigna radiata were studied using an indoor bio-assay method. Results showed that water extracts improved seed germinationand germination energy of Triticum aestivum and Brassica napus at a low concentration, but an inhibitory effect was seen for Vigna radiata at a high concentration. The inhibitory effecton the vigor index was higher than that on the germination index, germination energy, and germination rate for all three species. The inhibitory effect on the root length was more obvious than on the shoot height. The water extract from the Carya cathayensishusksimproved the fresh weight and dry weight at a low concentration, but inhibited both fresh and dry weight at a high concentration. The overall effect of the water extracton the three plants were in the order of B.napus 〉V.radiata〉T.aestivum. The results revealed that water extractfrom C. cathayensis husks had different inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, and Vigna radiata. The sensitivity of the three species to C. cathayensis water extract was B.napus〉 V.radiata〉 T.aestivum.