晚清公羊学与变法维新

The Gongyang-Studies and Reform of The Politics and Legal System in Late Qing Dynasty

清代公羊学在乾隆后期逐渐崛起,后来经过常州学派、龚自珍、魏源等承袭和传播,逐渐蔚为大观,由学术影响到政治,最后转化为激进的变法工具,乃至与维新变法同归歇绝。考查清代公羊学,我们不仅要从学术发展本身的规律上去看,更要将之与时代和政治形势相联系。公羊学开始作为"汉学"的竞争者而出现,但是当后世学者逐渐将之用于改变现实的学术工具之后,公羊的"本义"渐渐被"引申义"所取代,但是于社会而言,公羊变法的影响却也变得更为有力。所以考查清代公羊学与晚清变法的关系,可视为传统学术和政治关系最为经典的注脚。甚至极端而言,近代的一切变革思潮,都是以公羊学为"里子"而以舶来的西学为"面子"的结合。

The Gongyang-studies in Qing Dynasty rose in Qianlong period,through the inheritance and spread of Changzhou School、Gong Zi-zhen、Wei Yuan etc.,from academia to politics,presented a splendid sight and became a radical political reform tool,at last disappeared with the failure of the Reform movement. To explore the Gongyang-studies,we should not only focus on the academic itself,but also combine the academic and political and social situation. This knowledge began as the antithesis of the existence of 'Hanxue',when the future generations take it as a tool to transform the reality,its original meaning was replaced by the extended meaning. But for the society,the influence of the Gongyang-studies is more powerful. So the relationship between the Gongyang-studies and Reform of The Politics and Legal System in Late Qing Dynasty was the best model of academic and political relations. We can even say that all Reform thoughts in late Qing Dynasty was the combination of the'lining'form the Gongyangstudies and the'surface 'from the Western academic.