葡萄球菌性乳房炎的免疫学诊断方法研究进展

Progress on Immunodiagnosis of Staphylococcal Cow Mastitis

免疫学诊断是应用免疫学的理论、技术和方法诊断各种疾病和测定免疫状态的技术方法,它是确定疾病的病因和病变部位,或是确定机体免疫状态是否正常的重要方法。免疫学诊断方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高和简便、快速、安全的特性,并已用于检测牛的各类疾病。金黄色葡萄球菌被认为是接触性传染奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,由葡萄球菌引起的乳房炎的成功控制取决于准确的诊断。因此,免疫学诊断方法的研究,对我国畜牧业生产发展起了至关重要的作用,也有助于降低疾病带来的经济损失。论文主要综述了包括酶联免疫吸附试验、免疫荧光标记技术、免疫凝集试验、横向层流免疫分析、免疫聚合酶链反应、生物传感器技术和生物芯片技术等免疫学诊断方法的原理和特点,并概述了这些方法在葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎诊断上研究进展。

Immunodiagnostics is using the theories,techniques and methods of immunology to diagnose various diseases and assay immunologic aspects.It is an important method to determine the pathogeny and the lesion region,or to determine whether the immunologic aspect is normal.In addition to the high specificity and sensitivity with the characteristics of simplicity,speed and safety,it has been used in the detection of various diseases in cattle.The detection of Staphylococcus aureus,which is considered the primary pathogen of contagious bovine mastitis.Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus will be controlled successfully,which depends on accurate diagnostics.Therefore,research on the immunodiagnostics not only plays a vital role in livestock husbandry development in our country,but also contributes to reduce the economic losses caused by these diseases.This review discussed the principles and characteristics of the immunologicalbased assays developed for bovine mastitis,such as enzyme-linked immunosorbnet assay（ELISA）,immunofluorescent probe,immunoagglutination,lateral flow immunoassay（LFA）,immune PCR,biosensor and biochip.