麻疹病毒属病毒反向遗传研究概况

Progress on Measles Virus Reverse Genetics

反向遗传是通过DNA重组技术有目的、精确定位改造基因的精细结构来确定基因变化对表型性状的影响,使从分子水平开展RNA病毒研究的目的性更强。反向遗传技术核心是通过构建RNA病毒的全长cDNA分子,并使之受控于RNA聚合酶启动子,通过体外转录再次得到病毒RNA,然后将该转录物RNA转染哺乳动物细胞,可拯救到活病毒,开发新型疫苗。论文综述了麻疹病毒属病毒反向遗传系统及主要病毒的反向遗传研究现状,为有关研究提供参考。

Reverse genetics is a DNA recombinant technology which accurately modifies the target gene exquisite structure to ensure the influence of the genetic modification on the phenotypic traits,which makes RNA virus research more intentionally on the molecular level.The core of the reverse genetics technology is to construct the full-length cDNA molecules of the target RNA viruses,and subject the cDNA to the control of the RNA polymerase promoter,then generate virus RNA by in vitro transcription after transfection virus RNA to mammalian cells to rescue harvest live viruses for novel vaccine development.This paper discussed the measles virus reverse genetics system and the main reverse genetics research status of the viruses.