取像尚真,画法尚精——宋代小幅画研究

On the True advocated in sampling and Exquisiteness in Painting——Study on the small Painting in Song Dynasty

宋人小幅画小而精。精,表现为体悟生活精到,构思精妙,画法精致,有生意趣味。得自然之真,是精的前提。真,是对从生活细节到大自然鬼斧神工的把握与理解。宋人有此成就,是因其能在优游心境中涵养自己并形成精审自然的自觉,其艺术表现有一个对自然事物进行深入观察、总结与思辨的理性氛围。宋郭若虚《图画见闻志》评当时画,一个"精"字用得最多。"精"字的具体宋人语境,除郭若虚所说,应还包括:作画前神闲意定;作画状态的画家精神与所画对象之融合为一;有诗画一体的自觉;有超越形似的清晰认识;画家有画法思考的理性;观者赏画之理分明。于是表现方向尚真、观察物象尚细、画法追求尚精蔚为时代风尚,从而形成宋人小幅画取像尚真、画法尚精的出彩表现。

Small painting in Song Dynasty is small butexquisite. Exquisiteness,which was expressed by artists as understanding the subtlety oflife,the idea ofsophisticate and exquisiteness ofpainting,has vivid interests. Acquiring true fromthe nature is the premise of exquisiteness. The true is grasping and understanding from the details of life to the extraordinary nature. Song artists have such achievement all because they cultivated themselves in the leisure tour and gradually formed the consciousness to comprehend the nature,its artistic expressions have a thorough observation ofnatural things,summary and speculative atmosphere ofrationality. The word 'exquisiteness' was mostly used in Guo Ruoxu's commenton The Record of Illustration and traditional Chinese Painting in Song Dynasty. 'Exquisiteness' particular context in Song Dynasty,in addition to what Guo Ruoxu has said,should also include: relax and concentrative before painting; merging of artists' physical condition and the objectives; consciousness of poetry and painting; clear understanding beyond the shape itself; rational thinking of painting style of the painters; clear appraise reason of appraisers. So the performance tend to advocate the true,observe and sampling advocates details,painting style advocates exquisiteness,thereby forming theperformanceoftrueadvocated insampling and exquisitenessinpainting in Song Dynasty.