上海市静安区老年人免费肺炎疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素研究

Free pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly in Jing′an district of Shanghai and its influencing factors

目的研究老年人接种23价肺炎球菌疫苗的影响因素,促进老年人接种肺炎疫苗,为更好地落实老年人肺炎疫苗接种项目提出政策建议。方法采用按年龄段分层抽样方法在静安区每个街道各选取100名60岁以上的常住老年人,进行面对面问卷调查收集一般情况,健康状况,肺炎疫苗的知晓情况及接种意愿等信息。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析方法,分析影响老年人免费肺炎疫苗接种意愿的因素及相关情况。结果 47.60%的老年人知晓肺炎疫苗,53.80%的老年人愿意接种免费肺炎疫苗。老年人对免费肺炎疫苗的接种意愿与文化程度和对＂上海市60岁以上老年人免费接种肺炎疫苗＂项目的知晓有关,文化程度为大专以上的老年人（OR=0.27,95%CI：0.09-0.77）比文盲半文盲的更不愿意接种免费肺炎疫苗,听说过肺炎疫苗项目的老年人（OR=1.68,95%CI：1.07-2.64）比没听说过的更愿意接种免费肺炎疫苗。结论加强对肺炎疫苗接种项目的宣传,提高人群知晓率,针对各层次的人群开展知识讲座,避免认识的误区,可以促进老年人接种肺炎疫苗。

Objective To discuss the influencing factors of free 23-valence pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly,in order to promote vaccination and provide policy recommendations for the pneumococcal vaccination project. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 100 residents aged above 60 years old from each neighborhood in Jing′an district of Shanghai randomly selected using age-stratified sampling method.Basic information as physical conditions as well as awareness and willingness for the vaccination were collected.Single and multi-factor logistic analysis was used for data analysis. Results 47.60% of the elderly knew the pneumococcal vaccine,and 53.80% were willing to be vaccinated.The willingness of accepting free pneumococcal vaccination was related to educational background and the awareness of the project ＂ Free pneumococcal vaccination for the elderly over 60 years old in Shanghai＂.Those with higher education（OR=0.27,95%CI：0.09-0.77）and knowing about the project（OR=1.68,95%CI：1.07-2.64）were more likely to accept the vaccination. Conclusions In order to promote the pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly,related health education should be strengthened to increase the awareness rate of this vaccination.